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  • Varicoceles.com - an educational service provided by the Interventional Radiologists who practice in the Department of Interventional Radiology at LaGrange Memorial Hospital, Chicago Illinois.
  • Urologychannel.com - provides comprehensive, trustworthy information about urologic conditions and diseases, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia and erectile dysfunction.
  • eMedicine.com - instant access to the minds of medicine.
  • sirweb.org - a resource for information about important medical advances in interventional radiology -- sometimes called the surgery of the 21st century.
  • medlineplus - trusted health information for you. A service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health.
  • Fibroids1 - Dr. Ravi Jhaveri: Raising the Bar of Interventional Radiology


  1. Dewire DM, Thomas AJ Jr, Falk RM, Geisinger MA, Lammert GK. Clinical Outcome and Cost Comparison of Percutaneous Embolization and Surgical Ligation of Varicoceles. J Androl 1994, Nov-Dec, 15 Suppl: 38S-42S.
  2. Feneley MR, Pal MK, Nockler IB, Hendry WF. Retrograde Embolization and Causes of Failure in the Primary Treatment of Varicocele. British Journal of Urology. 1997 Oct; 80 (4):642-6.
  3. Nieschlag E, Behre HM, Schlingheider A, Nashan D, Pohl J, Fischedick AR. Surgical Ligation vs. Angiographic Embolization of the Vena Spermatica: A Prospective Randomized Study for the Treatment of Varicocele-related Infertility. Andrologia. 1993 Sept-Oct; 25(5):233-7.
  4. Zuckerman AM, Mitchell SE, Venbrux, Trerotola SO, Savader SJ, Lund GB, White RI Jr, Osterman FA Jr. Percutaneous Varicocele Occlusion: Long-term Follow-up. JVIR. 1994 March-April; 5(2):315-9.
  5. Smith SJ, White R JR. Nonsurgical Treatment of Variococele Monograph www.varicoceles.com









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